research critique 4
Personal Communication
Dr. Vijaya Srinivas is a medical doctor with over 30 years experience. Soon after completion of her M.B.B.S. she joined service in Tamil Nadu. Her first job was working was at a government hospital in Chengam. Followed by working as a Woman Assistant surgeon Gobichettipalayam, and then Gudalur Nilgiri District. When she was working in Gobi, she got married to Dr. SP Srinivas who is from Karnataka, Graduate from M M C, Mysore. She was in a position to sacrifice my postgraduate admission which I got it in Tamil Nadu, because of the circumstance and decision for the continuation of my future life in Karnataka. Since 2009 she has been in charge of women's community-based clinic mainly concentrating women's Reproductive Health at the Prerana Health Research Institue of India, PHRII. She is also co-Investigator for an Epidemiological research project, with priority work on Cervical Cancer Prevention Program-by conducting VIA camps.
The issue discussed during this lecture had to do with the incline of cervical cancer. It was stated that it is caused by a virus HPV that has a high risk at a 99.7% chance to get cervical cancer. The human papillomavirus has many different types of strains that are the most common sexually transmitted infection. Some types can cause health problems including genital warts and cancers which are low risk. The HPV 16 and 18 are found to be most commonly associated with invasive cervical carcinoma. According to Dr. Vijaya 1:50 Indian women will develop cervical cancer.
The prevalence of HPV of high risk is due to socioeconomic status. With 82.5% of the global population being affected by cervical cancer, with India contributed to at least 25% of those that are infected. With PHRII, Dr. V. can help women who come in for screening. As she stated if they are under 30 years of age they will educate the women about the severity of cervical cancer and educate them on preventive care.
There are several ways to reduce possibly eliminate the incline of cervical cancer. The primary preventative measure is recommended by administering the vaccine to young girls prior to becoming sexually active. It is recommended that it be given to girls between the ages of 9-26 years old to eliminate the chance of being exposed to the virus. That though it may be one time the center for disease controls says that it is possible years after having sex. With this measure in place, it can help to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate.
Australia is the only country that all residents are to have the vaccine administered. Based on a study conducted in 2007, where the government began administering the vaccine to young women between the ages of 12-13 (O’Connor, 2013) free of charge. For those who were older but under the age of 26, there was also a catch-up program that was started. Since the study began that has been a significant drop in HPV related infections from 22.7%- less than 1.1% which has caused in incline in immunization. This is one way to help the communities.
Treatment and testing are not affordable to those in the rural area. Screening should have the following characteristics to be accurate. The screening should be simple, yet accurate, and should have good specificity sensitivity. So that there is a significant impact treatment has to be available. Annual pap smears should also be conducted.
O'Connor, Anahad. “HPV Vaccine Showing Successes in Australia.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 18 Apr. 2013, well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/18/hpv-vaccine-showing-successes-in-australia/.
Sowjanya, A. P., Jain, M., Poli, U. R., Padma, S., Das, M., Shah, K. V., . . . Ramakrishna, G. (2005). Prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and in normal women in andhra pradesh, india. BMC Infectious Diseases, 5(1) doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1186/1471-2334-5-116